![]() ![]() This study was based on the 2002–2019 National Health Information Databases of the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS-NHID). Thus, in this study, we developed a biological age (BA) model based on the National Health Examination (NHE) data and analyzed the model prediction results for the incidence of 16 ARDs. Predicting the incidence of ARDs is a challenge since the rates of individual aging vary, and objective assessments of the stages of aging based on chronological age (CA) may be inaccurate. Finally, we demonstrate that most of the outcome-predicting protein biomarkers form a close-meshed functional interaction network, suggesting that the outcome after stroke is partially determined by an interplay of molecular processes relating to inflammation, coagulation, cell adhesion and cellular senescence.Īs the population ages rapidly, the incidence of age-related diseases (ARDs) is also increasing fast. Moreover, the processes that underlie inflammation, hypercoagulation and cellular senescence connect stroke to cancer, and biomarkers of cancer-associated thromboembolism, as well as of sarcopenia, overlap strongly with the biomarkers discussed here. Some of these biomarkers are closely related to cellular senescence and, in particular, to the inflammatory processes that can be triggered by senescent cells. We classified the protein biomarkers as immune‑inflammatory, coagulation-related, and adhesion-related biomarkers. We thus surveyed protein biomarkers that were reported to be predictive for outcome after ischemic stroke, specifically considering biomarkers that predict long-term outcome (≥ 3 months) and that are measured over the first days following the event. Here we aim to provide an up-to-date protein biomarker signature that allows a maximum of mechanistic understanding, to predict health deterioration following stroke. Blood cell composition and protein biomarkers such as C-reactive protein or interleukins in serum are frequently considered as biomarkers of outcome. Recurrent stroke may be prevented by antiaggregant/anticoagulant therapy, angioplasty of high-grade stenoses, and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors. Of all these, only the latter can be influenced after the event. The most important predictors for outcomes after ischemic stroke, that is, for health deterioration and death, are chronological age and stroke severity gender, genetics and lifestyle/environmental factors also play a role. ![]() Epigenetic clocks, biomarkers, environmental exposure, and lifestyle may become the focus and frontier of future research. We used bibliometric and visual methods to identify research hotspots and trends in DNA methylation in CVDs. In terms of research hotspots, references with strong bursts, which are still ongoing, recently included "epigenetic clock" (2017-2021), "obesity, smoking, aging, and DNA methylation" (2017-2021), and "biomarker and epigenome-wide association study" (2019-2021). The keyword cluster focused on the mechanism, methyl-containing substance, exposure/risk factor, and biomarker. Baccarelli Andrea A published the most content, while Barker DJP had the highest frequency of co-citations. PLoS One was the most published and co-cited journal. Harvard University, Columbia University, and University of Cambridge were the top 3 contributing institutions in terms of publications and were closely linked. Among them, the United States of America, China, and England were the top 3 countries contributing to the field of DNA methylation. CiteSpace 5.7 and VOSviewer 1.6.15 were used for bibliometric and knowledge-map analyses.Ī total of 2617 publications were included in 912 academic journals by 15,584 authors from 963 institutions from 85 countries/regions. Publications related to DNA methylation in CVDs from January 1, 2001, to September 15, 2021, were searched and confirmed from the Web of Science Core Collection. We aimed to visualize the research results and hotspots of DNA methylation in CVDs using a bibliometric analysis to provide a scientific direction for future research. However, there have been few bibliometric studies in this field. Dynamic regulation plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). DNA methylation is a dynamically reversible form of epigenetics. ![]()
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